If you're hiking in the woods, it's expected to encounter mosquitoes. However, sometimes it feels like mosquito bites appear out of nowhere, causing redness, itching, and swelling. Fortunately, finding relief from these annoying bites can be straightforward.
Dr. Courtney Cotter, DO, an allergy and immunology expert at Nationwide Children's Hospital, explains why some people seem to be mosquito magnets. Mosquitoes are attracted to sweat, which can be influenced by diet, hygiene, and genetics. They are also drawn to the carbon dioxide we exhale, which they can detect from quite a distance, guiding them to their next target.
Mosquitoes prefer dark colors, so wearing black or navy might make you more appealing to them than wearing lighter colors like white or cream. Body heat is another significant attractant, as mosquitoes have thermal receptors allowing them to sense warmth from humans and animals. There is also evidence suggesting that blood type plays a role in mosquito attraction. A 2019 study found that mosquitoes favor type O blood over other types.
When it comes to treating mosquito bites, Dr. Cotter notes that there's no single "right" way. Typically, mosquito bites resolve on their own without intervention. However, if the itching is bothersome, several strategies can help. Non-sedating antihistamines like cetirizine (Zyrtec) and fexofenadine (Allegra) are effective at reducing itching. If the bite is large, red, and inflamed, applying a cold compress in 20-minute intervals can help by decreasing blood flow to the area, thus reducing swelling. The cold also overrides the body's itch sensation. For those who experience severe reactions, over-the-counter 1% hydrocortisone cream can be beneficial. In cases of larger local reactions, stronger hydrocortisone or other steroids prescribed by a doctor may be necessary.
Prevention is crucial in avoiding mosquito bites. Using insect repellents containing active ingredients like DEET can be very effective. Additionally, wearing lightweight long-sleeve shirts, long pants, socks, and closed-toed shoes can minimize skin exposure.
Avoiding peak mosquito hours at dawn and dusk, eliminating standing water near your home, and ensuring windows have screens can further reduce the risk of mosquito bites.
Therefore, understanding what attracts mosquitoes and knowing effective remedies for bites can significantly ease discomfort and prevent future bites. By combining preventive measures with appropriate treatments, you can enjoy outdoor activities without the nuisance of mosquito bites.