For the pyrometallurgical aspect of the processing flowsheet, Metso said its Next Generation Fluid Bed Roaster encompasses all the features developed and implemented in recent roaster projects executed globally. It is a reactor with improved individual components and digital tools to enable more efficient and stable roasting plant performance.

"The NextGen roaster combines advanced equipment and enhancements as well as a suite of digital solutions for greater operational efficiency," said Jörg Hammerschmidt, director, fluid bed technology at Metso. "It is designed to adapt to operational changes, improving overall process control while ensuring safety, availability, and production KPIs."

The improved design and technical logic increase plant availability in the roasting area and hence availability of downstream plant sections, particularly the gas cleaning and sulphuric acid plant. This is all achievable with high feed rates, efficient heat recovery, and other process performance improvements.